From: Subject: still life compositions Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2009 10:28:52 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0007_01C997FD.056F2560" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.5579 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C997FD.056F2560 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.oil-painting-techniques.com/still-life-compositions.html still life compositions
 

Still Lifes: Approaches & Techniques

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Still Life Compositions: Approaches

Still life painting gives the artist full control over his = subject.=20 Provided the still life compositions have been set up properly = with a=20 steady light source =97 north-facing window, or artificial lights = and=20 reflectors =97 then the artist is free to concentrate on rendering = what he=20 sees.

The first thing to ensure is that the composition is indeed how = you=20 want it. To make doubly sure, you may wish to draw careful = sketches, since=20 the effect of a painting is very different from simply looking at = the=20 subject source. Then you will probably want to analyze the tonal = values=20 and ensure you have a pleasing pattern of dark and light. Then = come the=20 color schemes, where you will work out the palette beforehand, = either=20 making oil sketches or at least laying out the main colors in a = rough=20 approximation to their arrangement in the final painting.

Now you will need to finalize the composition and check the = lighting is=20 correct. Many artists will not want to paint exactly what they see = =97 in=20 fact, probably won't be able to unless aiming at photo-realism =97 = but it is=20 very difficult to paint anything that cannot be seen properly. = Spend a=20 good time on the setting up your still life compositions, = therefore: it's=20 crucial.

How you proceed now depends on your aims and oil painting = techniques.=20 The old master approach of repeated layers of paint and glazes is = time=20 consuming, but allows for great control and variety of effects. = You will=20 see how beautifully Zurbar=E1n has painted the oranges in their = wicker=20 basket (Still Life: Lemons, Oranges and a Rose. 1633. = Norton Simon=20 Museum. California). They have a a significance that such objects = do not=20 normally possess in real life, perhaps because so much of = Zurbar=E1n's work=20 was done for religious orders.

Quite different is the detail from the Chardin still life = (The=20 Silver Goblet. c. 1759. Mus=E9e du Louvre. Paris). for which = perhaps=20 poetry is the word that comes to mind. Again this is careful and=20 long-considered painting, making full use of layers and glazes. = The third=20 detail is a tiny section from the work from a painter who caused a = a great=20 deal of trouble: Edouard Manet: his A Bar at the = Folies-Berg=E8re=20 (1882. The Courtauld Gallery. London). It is bravura painting, = only=20 roughly modeled but done with great panache. That was Manet's way, = provocative to the respectable bourgeoisie, and to the Academy = that=20 stipulated a high finish.

Direct Painting: Some Suggestions

If your approach is direct painting, then some of these maxims=20 (summarized from Cateura's book below) may be helpful.

1. In composition, objects can either go across a shallow depth = of=20 field or into the canvas.

2. Decide on center of interest. Don't light all objects = equally.

3. Decide on the concept, e.g. movement through space. Give the = objects=20 mass. Paint the shadows.

4. Everything has a distinctive shape. Get these in first and = don't=20 lose them.

5. Start with your center of interest.

6. Remember that, for objects to be lighted, the surface on = which they=20 rest also has to be lighted.

7. If the still life looks somewhat dull and monochrome, then = add=20 another color: try the complement.

8. Understand your subject. Decide what it is you want to bring = out.=20 Next, how you will do it. Then paint that process.

9. The ground plane is important. Establish this early and work = up from=20 it.

10. Objects have a line of shadow beneath them, which is = commonly the=20 darkest in the picture.

References

These are among the more useful reference sites and = books.=20

1. 1art.com. A practical demonstration of old = master=20 techniques. Alexei Antonov has strong (not to say reactionary) = views on=20 modern art, but his own work shows what is possible with = traditional=20 painting techniques.

2. Huntfor.com. A rather mixed = site on oil=20 painting. Contains basic information, advice and simple = tutorials =97 not=20 always very well maintained but helpful to the beginner.

3. Still Life in Oils: An Insight into the Artist's = Creative=20 Process =97 Seeing, Thinking, Acting by Theodora Philcox. = Sterling=20 Publications. 2003. Covers new and traditional forms of oil = painting as=20 practiced by a variety of artists: the author adds her comments = and=20 explanations to those artists reviewed.

4. Problem Solving for Oil Painters by Gregg Kreutz. = Watson=20 Guptill. 1997. Deals with the common problems oil painters face = by=20 illustrating what has gone wrong in a picture, and how to put it = right.=20 Most aspects covered.

5. Oil Painting Secrets from a Master by Linda = Cateura. Watson=20 Guptill. 1984. David Leffel's paintings, that form the subject = of=20 Cateura's study, are rather heavy compositions in the manner of=20 eighteenth century still lifes. Nonetheless, the topics covered = are=20 applicable to still life painting generally, and the advice = suggests=20 what you should check in your own work.

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